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Some useful Linux Commands
This page sets out a few of the more useful commands I have found. When starting, I found that the most difficult bit was knowing that a command existed. Once you know it's there, you can soon use man or HOWTOs to find out how to use it. Just remember - Linux is case sensitive.
There are lots of pages with lists of commands like these. Check them out too;
uname -a
| Show Linux version details | free -m
| RAM memory useage
Note that Linux uses any free RAM for buffering, so it might look like there is almost no free memory left.
| df -m
| Show disc space useage
| du -s /home/*/
| See who is using all the disc space
(best run as root)
| dmesg
| To read boot up messages
eg dmesg | grep -i irq to check for IRQ notes during startup
| /var/log/Xorg.0.log
| Check messages from the X server
(good for troubleshooting problems with X)
| dpkg -l | grep -i xxxx
| Search for installed packages with xxxx in their name.
| grep -H "xxxx" *
| Search files in current directory containing string "xxxx".
| lspci -v
| details of hardware
| less /proc/interrupts
| lists IRQ settings
| /sbin/route
| kernel IP routing table
| /sbin/ifconfig
| IP details
| /usr/sbin/lshw
| lists hardware details
best to run lshw as root
| less /proc/cpuinfo
| CPU details
| mii-tool -v
| details of network cards
| hdparm -tT /dev/hda
| Measure hard drive access speed
(root permission needed)
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